![]() “O Captain! My Captain!” at the start of the first two stanzas are examples of apostrophe, as is “Exult O shores, and ring O bells!” in the third stanza. Apostrophe - an apostrophe is a form of personification in which an individual addresses someone who is dead, someone who is not there, or an inanimate object.“Fallen cold and dead” is repeated at the end of each stanza to emphasize the poet’s deep loss. The repetition of “heart” in line 5 emphasizes the poet’s grief at the death of his captain.The prize is the preservation of the union. Extended Metaphor - The captain is Abraham Lincoln.The poem’s rhythm is created by the varying line lengths. The shortened lines emphasize the personal grief experienced by the poet against the backdrop of a broader victory. Meter and Rhythm - there is no fixed meter there is, however, a pattern of four long lines followed by four short lines in each stanza.Note the progression: Stanza 1 begins with two happy couplets Stanza 2 begins with two celebrating couplets, but something isn’t quite right as demonstrated by the off rhyme of “bells” and “trills.” Stanza 3 re-establishes the rhyming couplet pattern, but the message is as clear as the rhyme: the captain is dead. ![]()
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